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1 Unveiling the Mysteries of Linux Operations

#计算机#操作系统#Linux#海贼班43
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The course titled "Unveiling the Mysteries of Linux Operations" covers various aspects of Linux, including its history, typical distributions (like Ubuntu and RHEL), and basic usage. It introduces Linux commands, file and directory operations, and system optimization. The course emphasizes the importance of Linux in programming and development, highlighting its command-rich ecosystem compared to Windows. Key topics include: - The evolution of operating systems from Unix to Linux. - The architecture of Linux, including hardware, kernel, and user levels. - Historical milestones in computing, such as the development of Unix and Linux. - The significance of learning Linux for modern tech careers and its advantages in tasks like batch processing and data analysis. The course also touches on the rivalry between Windows and Mac, influenced by figures like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, and discusses the origins of their technologies. Additional resources and recommended readings for further learning are provided, along with motivational tips for students.
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Course Content#

Stage Course Introduction#

What is Linux#

  • Linux Development: Unix→Mac→Windows→Linux

  • Typical Linux: Ubuntu, RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise), CentOS (Red Hat's guinea pig), Suse

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PS: deepin under Debian

  • What is it? Why use it?

Simple Use of Linux#

  • How to use: Learning methods, general patterns
  • How to check: man manual, tldr-Github (open source, concise)

man + [command to check]

  • File and directory operations, system information retrieval, software configuration, system optimization
  • ⭐Using Linux for programming, development, and building services

Common Commands#

Shell Programming#

  • What is a script, analogous to a movie script
    • Essentially different from C programs, C processes data, Shell integrates many processes
    • Compared to scripting languages like Python, Shell is a built-in interface for Linux, directly connected, can be called directly
  • Master: variables, input/output, branches, loops, ⭐arrays

Introduction to Operating Systems#

What is an Operating System#

  • The interface between users and computers, computer hardware and other software, like a big butler

  • Linux system: The kernel is a shorthand for all operating systems based on Linux

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  • Overall architecture

    • Hardware level (tangible)
    • Kernel level (file subsystem, process control subsystem, etc.)
    • User level (C language library, etc.)
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History of Linux#

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【Operating System】

  • 1941: The first computer was created
  • 1965: The comprehensive Multics, several large company labs
  • 1969: unics, Ken Thompson (for games, evolved from Multics)
  • 1973: C language, rewrote Unix, Dennis Ritchie
  • 1984: Minix, Andrew S. Tanenbaum
  • 1991: Linux, Git, ⭐Linus Torvalds (for games, junior year)
    • Tanenbaum and Linus still interact frequently
    • Lines of code in the Linux kernel: 100,000 (1993)👉27.8 million (2020)
    • Linux design principle: Satisfy a portion of users, different systems have different user preferences【Open Source】
    • Linux/Unix's share of server operating systems in China: 86%, 2016
    • Windows servers are commonly found in state-owned enterprises and public institutions, with code and systems possibly patched together from decades ago, as long as they are stable, they dare not change

[Hardware Development]

  • Vacuum tube era 1950s
  • Transistor era 1960s
  • Small and medium scale integrated circuits 1960s, 70s
  • Large scale, ultra-large scale integrated circuits 1970s to present

[Languages]

  • C→C++→Python→Java→Go
  • Python surprisingly predates Java

Why Learn Linux#

  • Not necessarily learned in college, a plus
  • Reading Linux kernel source code, learning thinking from experts [data structures, design patterns]
  • The command richness of the Linux ecosystem is more efficient than Windows
    • For example, batch processing files, analyzing data, Windows may require writing scripts, finding software
  • Currently, mainstream computer positions and technologies are based on Linux

The Grievances Between Windows and Mac#

[Windows] Microsoft#

  • Background: Gates' mother was an executive at IBM, bundling Microsoft's DOS system with IBM-PC, the launch of this system was actually a scam
  • Highlights: Excel ousted Lotus, IE crushed Netscape, launched the most failed Vista, acquired GitHub

[Mac] Apple#

  • Background: Steve Jobs
  • Highlights: Jobs left and returned, iMac, iPod, iPhone, surpassed Microsoft in market value in 10 years, brand premium comes from quality

Connections#

  • Inspiration came from Xerox's development of Alto - which had a hard drive, monitor, graphical interface, Ethernet, etc.
  • Jobs first discovered Alto and asked Gates for help in developing Macintosh, while Gates was also developing Windows
  • In 1984, Macintosh was released and became a sensation worldwide; in 1985, Windows 1.0 was released, very similar to Macintosh, which Jobs claimed was a copy of Apple's ideas
  • The entanglement began

Additional Knowledge Points#

Points for Reflection#

Tips#

Course Notes#

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